Equipment used in refineries and petrochemicals:

1- Boiler::

A boiler is a device that transfers the heat released by the combustion of fuels such as oil and gas to water. It is also used to convert the water inside the tank into dry steam, saturated steam or hot steam. One of the most important equipments used in refinery and thermal industries is a boiler because it plays an important role for the safe operation of industrial systems. Boilers are generally divided into two main categories: fire tube and water tube.

Although oil is mainly used in transportation, it is also used in electricity generation. A fossil fuel power plant uses oil or natural gas to generate electricity (through a turbine). Electricity generation from oil still makes a significant contribution to the energy mix of many countries, even though coal is the main source of electricity generation, however, oil-fired power plants cause significant environmental pollution. Oil plants also consume large amounts of water.

2- Heat Exchangers::

Another refinery and petrochemical equipment that is in charge of heat control is the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger receives the heat of the system and provides the possibility of reusing it. If there is no converter, the heat will be lost in the environment.

In heat exchangers, hot and cold liquids pass by each other without mixing, so that heat is transferred from hot liquids to cold liquids and from cold liquids to hot liquids, so the heat is not lost, but is constantly being replaced. It is fitting.


3-Valve::

One of the refinery and petrochemical equipment that is very important and used to regulate liquids in refinery systems is industrial valves. Due to the chemical and dangerous nature of the materials that flow in petrochemical industry systems, it is better to use valves that do not have any leaks.


The main functions of industrial valves:

1-Regulating the amount of passing fluids.
2-Completely disconnecting and connecting the flow of liquids and gases.
3-Adjusting and controlling the amount and pressure of liquids and gases.
4-Preventing the return of liquids and gases.
5-Maintaining the safety and control of pressurized devices.


Different types of valves:

Industrial valves are divided into three categories according to the type of operation:

1-Manual valves that work with human power.
2-Automatic valves that work with controlled air, liquids and gases.
3-Automatic valves that work with electricity.


Also, in terms of appearance, they can be divided as follows:

1-Needle valves.
2-Samavari lions.
3-Spherical valves.
4-Sliding valves.
5-Diaphragm valves.
6-One-way valves.
7-Butterfly valves.
8-Safety valves.
9-Automatic valves.
10-Valves that are driven by electric motors.
11-Valves whose drive is solenoid, such as gas gradual solenoid valve and gas single stroke solenoid valve.


Gas gradual solenoid valve::
Gradual gas solenoid valve for blocking, adjusting and controlling air and gas in all types of burners, including atmospheric burners or fan burners, as well as in industrial furnaces and in all gas equipment that requires the installation of a gradual gas solenoid valve, such as refineries and petrochemicals is used.

The operation of the gradual gas solenoid valve::
By connecting the electric current to the spool of the solenoid valve, the gas gradually and slowly moves up the core (valve axis) and the gas path opens slowly as soon as the electric current is cut off from the coil with the help of the spring force of the valve axis in time. Cuts off the gas flow in less than a second

Gas single stroke solenoid valve::
The gas single-action solenoid valve can be used in the safety and protection of industrial equipment such as gas lines, gas burners, as well as all industries and gas equipment that require a gas single-action solenoid valve for protection and control, such as refineries and petrochemicals.



Performance of gas single stroke solenoid valve::
After the electric current is connected to the coil of the gas single-action solenoid valve, the core (valve axis) moves up and the gas path opens immediately, and when the electric current is cut off, the coil quickly moves the gas flow path with the help of the spring force of the valve axis. It is blocked and the gas flow is cut off.

4- Pipelines

Pipelines are one of the most important parts of refinery and petrochemical equipment, as they are used to transport crude oil, petroleum products and liquefied gas to other parts. Pipelines are used to transport materials over long distances between two separate facilities. These lines are made of metal and plastic materials. In general, pipelines include the following two main categories:

1-Liquid oil pipelines
2-Natural gas pipelines
5-Pressure reducing devices

Another equipment installed in refineries, petrochemical and other chemical industries is the pressure reducing device, which is used along with gas, water vapor, liquid and liquid vapor pressure gauges. It is very necessary and necessary to use a pressure reducing device because equipment may be damaged due to high pressures and unexpected accidents may occur.

6-Storage tanks
These equipments, which are usually made of metal, are used to store liquids such as water or crude oil, gases and other chemicals. The storage tank can be installed on the ground.

7-Piping
The piping system is used to transport chemical gases and liquids such as water, oil, etc. in an industrial unit such as refineries and chemical processing plants.

The material used in the piping system can be steel, cast iron, copper, plastic, metal, etc. according to the type of material to be transported. Also, welding or flange methods are used to connect the pipes of this system.


8-Furnace and heater:

Heater is one of the refinery and petrochemical equipment that plays an important role in refineries and is effective in their safety, correct and economical operation. Furnace heaters are used to heat materials used in the petrochemical industry, such as gases, liquids, etc., to the desired temperature.

9-Compressor


Compressors are used to increase the pressure of gases by reducing their volume. In most cases, along with the compressed air, other natural gases such as nitrogen and oxygen are also compressed.

The types of compressors can be summarized as follows:

1-Detachable horizontal compressors
2-Detachable modi compressors
3-Centrifugal compressors
4-Reciprocating compressors


10-Turbine
A turbine is a device that transmits the energy received from a fluid by means of an axis, although in some cases it is called a pump turbine that works upside down. Turbines are divided into the following three categories:

1-Steam turbine
2-Hydraulic turbine
3-Gas turbine

11-Dryer

This device is used to remove moisture from solids.

12-Towers

Towers are one of the most important equipments in refinery and petrochemical and in industrial processes. The equipment is used to distill raw materials and produce materials such as gasoline, gas, oil, bitumen, etc. Towers used in petrochemicals and refineries are cylindrical steel tanks.

13-Blower and fan
Fans:

A fan should be used to change the air in closed industrial spaces and create proper air flow. Types of fans include the following:

1-Centrifuge fans
2-Propeller fans with axial flow
3-Combined fans


Blowers:

Blowers are the main source of noise in power plants. To reduce the noise, they are often placed in thick agostic fences or silencers are used at the entrance of blowers with forced flow.

14-Separator

The raw gas that enters the refineries contains gas, oil and solids, and first of all, they are separated from each other. A separator is used to separate substances that have mixtures of gas, liquid and solid.


15-Drum

The cylinder-shaped steel tanks that are responsible for receiving the fluid from the distiller and condenser equipment at the place of the process as an intermediate container are called drums. Also, collecting fluid from the steam flow circuit is done by drums. Then it transfers the steam to other parts of the process for other uses using a pump. In general, the uses of drums include chemical storage of materials, steam production and boiler feed water storage.